Frequency of Occult Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Occult infections (OBIs) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are detected by the presence of HBV DNA without surface antigens. The prevalence of HBsAg in general population of Pakistan is around 3%, but there is no data regarding the occurrence of OBIs.

Aims & Objectives: The goal of this research was to assess the frequency of occult hepatitis B infection in pregnant females presenting to antenatal care unit of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore.

Place and duration of study: These samples were handled at the Microbiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was one year after the approval of synopsis.

Material & Methods: Four hundred and sixty three pregnant women were included in this research. Serum was separated from their blood samples. HBsAg, Anti -HBcand Anti-HBs tests were performed using the ELISA technique on all the samples. Real time PCR was performed to find HBV DNA. Results: The frequency of occult hepatitis B was < 0.25 in this research. Among the 463 women tested during pregnancy, hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 2 (0.4%) women. These two were excluded from the study. Out of 461 samples, hepatitis B surface antibody was positive in 61 (13.2%) samples and they were negative for hepatitis B core antibody. These 61 samples were also omitted from the research. 25 (5%) samples were positive for both Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs. 11 samples (2%) were Anti-HBc positive and Anti-HBs negative. In 364 (79%) samples, both Anti-HBs and Anti -HBc were absent. Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed on 400 samples.

Conclusion: The frequency of occult hepatitis B is very low < 0.25% in pregnant women. It is not recommended to routinely screen pregnant women for hepatitis B virus DNA.